Samuel said Israel must put away foreign gods and the Ashtaroth and direct their heart to the Lord, serving him only. He said the Lord would deliver them from the Philistines. 1 Samuel 7:3
In 1 Samuel 7:3–4, Samuel addresses all Israel with a conditional call: if they truly return to Yahweh from the heart, they must remove rival deities from their community, re-aim their inner loyalty toward Yahweh, and serve him alone. Samuel links this exclusive loyalty to rescue from Philistine oppression. This moment comes after the ark’s return and relocation, when Israel has been living under Philistine pressure and is portrayed as unsettled and yearning for change (7:1–2). Samuel steps forward as a national voice and frames Israel’s situation as requiring a decisive turn of allegiance.
The passage presents Samuel as addressing “all the house of Israel” as a single community under pressure from the Philistines.
A careful answer keeps the immediate passage, the book's argument, and the whole-Bible storyline together, so the question is answered in context instead of as a detached idea.
Start with 1 Samuel 7:3, then read the surrounding section so the answer stays connected to the passage's flow.
3Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel, saying, If you do return to Yahweh with all your heart, then put away the foreign gods and the Ashtaroth from among you, and direct your hearts to Yahweh, and serve him only; and he will deliver you out of the hand of the Philistines.