Romans says God does not show favoritism in judgment. Paul says there is no partiality with God: every person is accountable before God's truthful judgment, whether Jew or Greek.
Romans 2 turns from the sins named in Romans 1 to the person who judges others while doing wrong. Paul shows that religious privilege or moral comparison cannot shield anyone from God's righteous judgment.
The passage strips away false security. Romans is preparing readers to see why everyone needs mercy and why justification cannot rest on status, background, or comparison.
A careful reading should not treat Romans 2 as denying Israel's role in the story. Paul will address that more fully later. Here he is showing that possession of privilege does not make God unjust or partial.
Original wording based on Romans 2.