Israel and the Nations
Theological Definition
A major Bible-wide theme is God’s plan to bless the nations through Israel, culminating in the Messiah and a multi-ethnic people of God. Romans addresses the tension created by widespread Jewish unbelief and widespread Gentile inclusion, arguing that this development fits the long story of God’s promises. It also warns against pride and envisions a future shaped by God’s mercy.
Key Occurrences in Romans
16For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation to everyone who believes; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
12For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, and is rich to all who call on him.
13For, "Whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved."
11I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? Certainly not! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.
12Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
13For I speak to you who are Gentiles. Since then as I am an apostle to Gentiles, I glorify my ministry;
14if by any means I may provoke to jealousy those who are my flesh, and may save some of them.
15For if the rejection of them [is] the reconciling of the world, what would the receiving of them be, but life from the dead?
16If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches.
17But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them, and became partaker with them of the root of the richness of the olive tree;
18don`t boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who bear the root, but the root you.
19You will say then, "Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in."
20True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don`t be conceited, but fear;
21for if God didn`t spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you.
22See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off.
23They also, if they don`t continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
24For if you were cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree, how much more will these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
25For I don`t desire, brothers, to have you ignorant of this mystery, so that you won`t be wise in your own conceits, that a hardening in part has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles have come in,
26and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, "There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, And he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.
27This is my covenant to them, When I will take away their sins."
28Concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sake. But concerning the election, they are beloved for the fathers` sake.
29For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
30For as you in time past were disobedient to God, but now have obtained mercy by their disobedience,
31even so these also have now been disobedient, that by the mercy shown to you they may also obtain mercy.
32For God has shut up all to disobedience, that he might have mercy on all.
8Now I say that Christ has been made a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, that he might confirm the promises given to the fathers,
9and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy. As it is written, "Therefore will I give praise to you among the Gentiles, And sing to your name."
10Again he says, "Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people."
11Again, "Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles! Let all the peoples praise him."
12Again, Isaiah says, "There will be the root of Jesse, He who arises to rule over the Gentiles; On him will the Gentiles hope."
9oppression and anguish, on every soul of man who works evil, on the Jew first, and also on the Greek.
10But glory and honor and peace to every man who works good, to the Jew first, and also to the Greek.
11For there is no partiality with God.
29Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn`t he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also,
30if it is so that God is one. He will justify the circumcised by faith, and the uncircumcised through faith.
30What will we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn`t follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith;
31but Israel, following after a law of righteousness, didn`t arrive at the law of righteousness.
32Why? Because they didn`t seek it by faith, but as it were by works of the law. They stumbled over the stumbling stone;
33even as it is written, "Behold, I lay in Zion a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense. And no one who believes in him will be put to shame."