11:13Meaning
Rivalry ends between Ephraim and Judah The verse names two problems—Ephraim’s envy and Judah’s being “vexed” (harassed or pressed) by others—and says these will stop. It then restates the point in a balanced way: Ephraim will no longer envy Judah, and Judah will no longer vex Ephraim. The logic is straightforward: old competitive hostility inside the people is removed on both sides.
Unit 2 (v. 14a): United action toward the west and east
With “they” now acting together, the text pictures a swift, aggressive move against the Philistines to the west, described as flying down on their “shoulder” (a way of describing an attack along a border or flank). In the same breath, it says they will together plunder “the children of the east,” a broad phrase for eastern peoples rather than one named nation.
Unit 3 (v. 14b): Control over Edom, Moab, and Ammon
The passage narrows again to specific neighbors: they “stretch out their hand” over Edom and Moab (language of reaching, taking hold, or exerting power). Ammon is then described as obeying them, indicating submission rather than mutual alliance. The movement of the verse builds from unity to coordinated victories and then to regional subordination.