Their ongoing pattern of life is pictured as moving “back and forth in darkness” (darkness). The image communicates moral confusion and disorientation, not merely a temporary mistake (explicit textual claim).

The verse then links that blindness to broad effects: “All the foundations of the earth are shaken.” In context, the line functions as a public-society consequence, not merely an inner feeling (explicit textual claim). The theological inference is that stable community life depends heavily on clear, truthful judgment and protection of the vulnerable—what earlier verses call for.

Where interpretation differs (only where needed)

Who “they” are. Some read “they” as human authorities in Israel (judges/rulers), since the psalm is about judging and protecting the weak (inference anchored to context). Others think the psalm targets non-human “gods” or heavenly powers associated with rule, so the indictment is aimed at spiritual authorities whose failure affects human society (inference from the wider psalm’s courtroom scene).

What “foundations of the earth” refers to. Many take it as a poetic way to describe the basic supports of social order—justice, safety, and trustworthy governance (inference consistent with the psalm’s theme). Others think it also gestures to the stability of the world itself, a cosmic-scale picture of disorder when rightful rule is corrupted (inference from the scope of the language).

Why the disagreement exists

Psalm 82 uses elevated courtroom language and broad world imagery while speaking about concrete justice issues. That combination makes it possible to read the scene as focused primarily on human officials or as including a heavenly dimension. Likewise, “foundations of the earth” can naturally function as either a metaphor for society or as a world-stability image with cosmic overtones.

What this passage clearly contributes

This verse contributes a cause-and-effect logic: persistent refusal to perceive and do what is right leads to a kind of “darkness” in leadership, and that darkness destabilizes what everyone relies on. The line “all the foundations… are shaken” underscores that misrule is not a private defect; it threatens the basic stability of communal life (explicit textual claim) and invites the inference that justice is a structural support, not an optional virtue.