Question 1

What are the two virtue-pairs in verse 10, and what actions are they said to do?

Accepted Answer

Verse 10 presents two matched pairs: “mercy” with “truth,” and “righteousness” with “peace.” The first pair is said to “meet together,” picturing these qualities as if they come face to face and belong in the same space. The second pair is said to “have kissed each other,” a social image suggesting welcome, agreement, and reconciliation. The verse does not define the virtues abstractly; it shows how they relate. The main observation is that the poet refuses to set these qualities against one another.

Question 2

How does personification shape the meaning of these lines?

Accepted Answer

The psalm treats abstract qualities like living characters: mercy and truth “meet,” righteousness and peace “kiss,” truth “springs up,” and righteousness “looks down.” This personification makes the message relational rather than theoretical. Instead of arguing that the virtues are compatible, it shows them interacting in friendship. The images also imply movement and arrival—something has changed from earlier tension or absence to renewed presence. The poem’s meaning comes through the scene: a community’s wellbeing is imagined as relationships where care, reliability, justice, and peace are all present together.

Question 3

What does verse 11 add that verse 10 does not, especially with “earth” and “heaven”?

Accepted Answer

Verse 10 focuses on horizontal, social images (“meet,” “kiss”) that sound like restored relationships. Verse 11 shifts to a vertical scene: “truth springs out of the earth” and “righteousness has looked down from heaven.” This adds at least two ideas. First, truth becomes visible in ordinary life—like growth emerging from the ground—suggesting it is not just claimed but embodied. Second, righteousness is pictured as coming from above or overseeing from beyond, linking human life to God’s realm. The restoration is both earthly and God-related.

Question 4

Based on the text alone, what are reasonable meanings of “truth” in this passage?

Accepted Answer

The word “truth” can reasonably be read as honesty (speech and actions matching reality) because it is paired with mercy and pictured as something that becomes visible in the community (“springs out of the earth”). It can also mean reliability or faithfulness—people and institutions being dependable—since Psalm 85 is about communal repair and stable life after trouble. The passage itself does not narrow the meaning to only one. The pairing with mercy suggests truth that supports loyal care rather than harsh exposure, and the earth-image suggests truth that is lived out in concrete ways.

Question 5

What does the “kiss” between righteousness and peace suggest about their relationship?

Accepted Answer

A kiss in this poetic setting signals welcome and reconciliation, not romance. It suggests righteousness and peace are not enemies that must be traded off against each other. Instead, the poet imagines them as agreeing and belonging together. This matters because in many real situations people fear that pursuing what is right will disrupt peace, or that seeking peace requires ignoring wrongdoing. The verse’s explicit image pushes the opposite direction: genuine peace can stand alongside what is right, and righteousness is compatible with wholeness and stability.

Question 6

How do these two verses fit the flow of Psalm 85 as a whole (based on the given context)?

Accepted Answer

Psalm 85 remembers past restoration and asks for renewed help, then turns to listening for God’s answer and expecting “peace” if the people do not return to destructive patterns (Ps 85:8). Verses 10–11 belong to that response section by describing what renewed wellbeing looks like. Instead of listing policies or outcomes, the poem paints a world where mercy, truth, righteousness, and peace are all simultaneously present. In that flow, the verses function like a snapshot of the repaired community life the prayer longs for—stability marked by reliable relationships and right order.

Question 7

What is implied (but not directly stated) about the community’s earlier condition by these images of meeting and springing up?

Accepted Answer

The images imply that these virtues were previously missing, separated, or in tension. If mercy and truth “meet,” the unstated backdrop could be a situation where care and reliability had come apart—either compassion without dependability, or truth used without loyal care. If truth “springs up” from the earth, the implied earlier state is barrenness or concealment, where truth was not taking root or visible in daily life. And if righteousness “looks down from heaven,” it implies a needed alignment or oversight that the community could not generate on its own.

Peace described through meeting virtues

Peace described through meeting virtues

Peace described through meeting virtues

Scripture

What this passage is saying

Peace described through meeting virtues

Scripture

What this passage is saying