Unit 1 (v. 6a): A child given and authority assigned
The verse begins with a reason statement (“For…”), tying the coming change to a specific event: a child is born and a son is given “to us,” meaning for the benefit of the people addressed. The next line shifts from birth to public responsibility: “the government” will rest on his shoulder, picturing the weight of rule carried by him (government).
Unit 2 (v. 6b): Titles that portray the ruler’s character and effect
The ruler is described through a series of names or honor-titles: Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Read together, they paint a leader whose reign combines extraordinary wisdom, strength, enduring care, and the ability to establish peace, rather than merely win battles.
Unit 3 (v. 7a): An ever-growing reign and peace without endpoint
Verse 7 adds that the increase of his rule and of peace will not stop. The passage connects political stability with “peace” as an ongoing condition, not a temporary pause between conflicts.
Unit 4 (v. 7b–c): Davidic throne, just administration, and Yahweh’s guarantee
The rule is located “on the throne of David” and “over his kingdom,” presenting continuity with the Davidic line. The purpose is to set up and sustain the kingdom with justice and righteousness from now on and into the indefinite future. The final sentence states the cause that makes this certainty possible: Yahweh of Hosts’ zeal will bring it about (Isaiah 9:7).
